Okwu Mmalite na Ngwa nke Cerium Oxide
I. Ndepụta Ngwaahịa
Cerium oxide (CeO₂), nke a makwaara dị ka cerium dioxide,bụ oxide nke cerium cerium na-adịghị ahụkebe, nwere ọdịdị ntụ ntụ na-acha ọcha. Dị ka onye nnọchi anya dị mkpa nke ogige ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe, a na-eji cerium oxide eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na polishing iko, mkpochapụ ụgbọ ala, seramiiki elektrọn, ike ọhụrụ na mpaghara ndị ọzọ n'ihi akụrụngwa kemịkalụ pụrụ iche na akụrụngwa catalytic. Ebe agbaze ya dị ihe dị ka 2400 ℃, ọ nwere nkwụsi ike kemịkalụ dị mma, enweghị ike ime ya na mmiri, ọ pụkwara ịnọgidesi ike n'okpuru ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị elu na gburugburu oxidizing siri ike.
Na mmepụta mmepụta ihe,cerium oxidea na-enwetakarị site na cerium nwere mineral (dị ka fluorocarbon cerium ore na monazite) ma na-enweta ya site na acid leaching, mmịpụta, mmiri ozuzo, calcination na usoro ndị ọzọ. Dị ka ịdị ọcha na urughuru size, ọ nwere ike kewaa polishing ọkwa, catalytic ọkwa, electronic ọkwa na nano-ọkwa ngwaahịa, n'etiti nke elu-ọcha nano cerium oxide bụ isi ihe maka elu-ọgwụgwụ ngwa.
II. Njirimara ngwaahịa
Ọrụ polishing mara mma:Cerium oxidenwere kemịkalụ n'ibu polishing ikike, nke nwere ike ngwa ngwa wepụ iko n'elu ntụpọ ma melite elu imecha.
Ike redox siri ike: Mgbanwe mgbanwe dị n'etiti Ce⁴⁺ na Ce³⁺ na-enye ya ọrụ nchekwa oxygen pụrụ iche na ntọhapụ, dabara adaba maka mmeghachi omume catalytic.
Nkwụsi ike kemịkalụ siri ike: Ọ dịghị mfe imeghachi omume na ọtụtụ acid na ntọala, ma nwee ike ịnọgide na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ siri ike.
Igwe ọkụ dị elu: Ebe mgbaze dị elu na nkwụsi ike na-ekpo ọkụ na-eme ka ọ dị mma maka usoro okpomọkụ dị elu na ceramics electronic.
Njikwa urughuru size: The urughuru size nwere ike gbanwee si micron ka nanometer izute dị iche iche ulo oru mkpa.
III. Mpaghara ngwa ngwa
1. Igwe na polishing ngwa anya
Cerium oxide polishing ntụ ntụ bụ isi ihe maka nhazi iko nke oge a. Nrụ ọrụ kemịkalụ ya nwere ike wepu obere nchara ma mepụta mmetụta enyo. A na-ejikarị eme ihe maka:
Icha ekwentị mkpanaaka na ihuenyo mmetụ kọmputa;
Iri nkenke nke anya anya anya anya dị elu na anya igwefoto;
Ngwọta ihu igwe nke ihuenyo LCD na iko TV;
Nhazi ngwaahịa kristal nkenke na ngwa anya.
N'iji ya na ihe ndị na-eme ka ígwè polishing omenala, cerium oxide nwere ọsọ na-egbuke egbuke, na-egbuke egbuke elu, na ogologo ndụ ọrụ.
2. Ihe na-akpali iyuzucha ụgbọala
Cerium oxide bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime ụgbọ ala na-eme ụzọ atọ. Ọ nwere ike ịchekwa ma hapụ oxygen nke ọma, ghọta mgbanwe nke carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) na hydrocarbons (HC), si otú a na-ebelata ikuku ikuku na-emetọ ụgbọala na izute ụkpụrụ gburugburu ebe obibi na-esiwanye ike.
3. Mkpụrụ ndụ ume ọhụrụ na mmanụ ụgbọala
Nano cerium oxide nwere ike melite conductivity na anwụ ngwa ngwa nke batrị dị ka electrolytes ma ọ bụ interlayer ihe na siri ike oxide mmanụ ụgbọala cell (SOFC). N'otu oge ahụ, cerium oxide na-egosipụtakwa ọmarịcha arụmọrụ n'ọhịa nke ndakpọ ikuku hydrogen na ihe mgbakwunye batrị lithium-ion.
4. Eletrọnịkị ceramik na ihe mgbakwunye iko
Dị ka akụrụngwa dị mkpa maka seramiiki eletrọnịkị, enwere ike iji cerium oxide rụpụta capacitors, thermistors, optical filter material, wdg Mgbe agbakwunyere na iko, ọ nwere ike rụọ ọrụ na decolorization, nkwalite nghọta, na nchekwa UV, ma kwalite ịdịte aka na ngwa anya nke iko.
5. Ihe ịchọ mma na ihe nchebe
Nano cerium oxide particles nwere ike ịmịkọrọ ụzarị ultraviolet ma na-ejikarị eme ihe na sunscreens na ngwaahịa nlekọta anụ ahụ. Ha nwere uru nke nkwụsi ike nke inorganic na akpụkpọ ahụ anaghị anabata ya ngwa ngwa. N'otu oge ahụ, a na-agbakwunye ya na mkpuchi ụlọ ọrụ iji kwalite nguzogide corrosion na ikike mgbochi ịka nká.
6. Ọchịchị gburugburu ebe obibi na kemịkalụ catalysis
Cerium oxide nwere ngwa dị mkpa na nchacha gas mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ, nsị catalytic oxidation na mpaghara ndị ọzọ. Ọrụ catalytic ya dị elu na-eme ka a na-eji ya eme ihe na usoro dị ka mgbawa mmanụ ala na njikọ kemịkal.
IV. Usoro mmepe
Site na mmepe ngwa ngwa nke ike ọhụrụ, optics, nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ, ihe a chọrọcerium oxidena-aga n'ihu na-eto eto. Isi ntụziaka mmepe n'ọdịnihu gụnyere:
Nano- na arụmọrụ dị elu: melite mpaghara elu kpọmkwem yana ọrụ mmeghachi omume nke cerium oxide site na nanotechnology.
Ihe na-egbuke egbuke na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ na gburugburu ebe obibi: mepụta mmetọ dị ala, ntụ ntụ na-agbake dị elu iji melite iji ihe onwunwe.
Mgbasawanye mpaghara ume ọhụrụ: Enwere atụmanya ahịa sara mbara na ike hydrogen, mkpụrụ ndụ mmanụ, na ihe nchekwa ike.
Nrụgharị akụrụngwa: Mee ka mgbake ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe nke ntụ ntụ na-ekpocha ihe mkpofu na ihe na-eme ka ike gwụ iji belata ihe mkpofu akụrụngwa.
V. Mmechi
N'ihi ọmarịcha ọrụ polishing ya, ọrụ catalytic na nkwụsi ike, cerium oxide aghọwo ihe dị mkpa maka nhazi iko, ọgwụgwọ iyuzucha ụgbọala, seramiiki eletrik na ụlọ ọrụ ike ọhụrụ. Site na ọganihu nke teknụzụ na uto nke ọchịchọ maka ụlọ ọrụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, a ga-agbasawanye ohere nke cerium oxide, uru ahịa ya na ikike mmepe ya agaghị enwe oke.